April 27th, 2007

A New Rebalancing Strategy: A Change in Vanguard and a Clear Definition of the Goal 13comments

money This morning, I happily talked about how Vanguard had changed their fee structure, which basically eliminated fees for me. Prior to this fee change, I was using a slightly unorthodox balancing strategy to avoid fees – although I love Vanguard funds and their investment philosophy, I didn’t like their fees. Now that the fees are eliminated for many investors like myself, my only constraint is the minimum required to invest in various Vanguard funds, which is $3,000. So I thought I’d outline my revised portfolio plans based on this change.

Why am I investing? This is the first question that any investor should ask when deciding on a portfolio. My reason for investing is so that sometime between the ages of 40 and 50, my wife and I can build our dream home. We want a place in the country with some woods and lots of room for children and (especially) grandchildren to visit and relax. If there is still money left over, it will last until our mid fifties and aid in retirement.

How do I achieve that? Since that goal is 15 years off and also that it’s not something that will damage my life if I incur losses, I’m quite open to a healthy batch of risk. I want a strong portion in growth stocks, a smaller portion in a broad market fund, and a tiny sliver in bonds. Thus, here’s my desired portfolio:

30% Vanguard 500 (VFINX)
30% Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (VGTSX)
30% Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund (VISGX)
10% Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund (VBLTX)

Right now, my balances are roughly as follows:

$5,500 Vanguard 500
$0 everything else

My goal, based on the previous fee structure with Vanguard, was to reach $10,000 in the Vanguard 500 and then move on to the other funds, but instead I’m changing that policy. I’m now saving, in an online savings account, the minimum needed to buy into the other funds one at a time, starting with the Vanguard Total International Stock Fund, and I’m leaving the Vanguard 500 alone and not buying any more for the time being.

So, here’s my fund-buying strategy for the next few years in order to build my portfolio:

First, save $3,000 in a high interest savings account and buy in on the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund. Once I’m in, I’ll make no additional investments until my initial buying is complete.

Next, save $3,000 in that same high interest savings account and buy in on the Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund. Once I’m in, I’ll again make no additional investments until my initial buying is complete.

Then, to complete my initial buying, I’ll buy in on the Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund with again the minimal $3,000.

What then? Each month, I allot myself a certain amount to invest for our home, say, $500. I then look at the balances of all of the funds. Here’s an example of what it might look like when I’m all done in a few years:

$8,000 Vanguard 500 (VFINX)
$7,000 Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (VGTSX)
$5,000 Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund (VISGX)
$3,000 Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund (VBLTX)

I then convert these to percentages of my overall portfolio:

34.8% Vanguard 500
30.4% Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund
21.7% Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund
13.0% Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund

… and I spend the month’s allotment on whichever fund’s percentage is the most below the desired percentage. In this case, that would be the Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund, so I would invest the $500 in that. This changes the percentages to

34.0% Vanguard 500
29.7% Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund
23.4% Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund
12.8% Vanguard Long Term Bond Index Fund

Not perfectly balanced, but it’s closer. As time wears on, the percentages will gradually move closer and closer to my ideal portfolio.

Then, when the time comes, I cash them all out and my wife and I visit an architect. That’s the dream, anyway.

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Don’t Fear The Higher Tax Bracket (Or Why A Reader Needs More Cowbell) 17comments

One of my readers, Annie, writes:

I am up for a promotion at work, but a coworker says that I shouldn’t try to get the job because it will put me in a higher tax bracket. Is this something I should worry about? Would I actually make less money after getting a raise?

Don’t sweat the small stuff, Annie, and go for the promotion. You will bring home more money after getting promoted, even if it does bump you into another tax bracket. Your coworker is either misinformed or is trying to convince you not to go for the promotion. Here’s why.

A Quick Primer on Tax Brackets

At the end of the year, when you do your taxes, you’re actually calculating a number called your taxable income. This is the amount of income you brought in that the government actually takes income tax out of. The higher that number, the higher tax bracket you find yourself in.

For example, let’s say you’re a single person. In 2006, the United States federal tax brackets were:
10%: from $0 to $7,550
15%: from $7,551 to $30,650
25%: from $30,651 to $74,200
28%: from $74,201 to $154,800
33%: from $154,801 to $336,550
35%: $336,551 and above

If you make $50,000 in taxable income, then $7,550 is taxed at 10%, $23,100 is taxed at 15%, and the rest, $19,350, is taxed at 25%. That means you pay a total of $9,057.50 in income tax. $40,942.50 is yours to keep.

Now, if you got a raise and made $60,000 in taxable income, then $7,550 is taxed at 10%, $23,100 is taxed at 15%, and the rest, $29,350, is taxed at 25%. Notice that there’s only one difference here: that extra $10,000 is taxed at the 25% rate, but nothing else changes. You pay a total of $11,557.50 in income tax, and $48,442.50 is yours to keep. Your raise, after taxes, is $7,500.

Understanding tax brackets can explain a few things:

Tax deductions are more lucrative for high income people than low income people. If you only have $30,000 in taxable income, you’re only paying 15% at most on your income, so sweating it out for a $2,000 deduction saves you only $300. However, if you’re in the 35% bracket, that same $2,000 deduction saves you $700. That’s a $400 difference, so the higher income people generally get more benefit from deductions.

Tax withholdings from your paycheck are based on your pay rates and the tax brackets. This information is usually supplied by the IRS and is based on your salary and the number of dependents you claim (which are deductions). This gives a thumbnail of what you’ll be taxed on so your employer can keep out an appropriate amount of money. Altering your number of deductions changes the size of the withholdings because if you claim fewer dependents, your taxable income appears to go up, and if you claim more dependents, your taxable income appears to go down.

“Extra” income is always taxed at the highest rate. Let’s say you’re in the 28% tax bracket and you happen to make an extra thousand dollars doing some consulting work. That money is taxed at 28%, so you’d better be saving 28% of it for tax day. This is often why people end up paying more on their taxes come April – they earned some extra income.

To summarize, Annie, don’t fear the tax bracket – more earnings are always better.

Review: Financial Peace Revisited 10comments

Financial Peace RevisitedIn the past, I reviewed Dave Ramsey’s The Total Money Makeover and, surprisingly to me, I quite liked it. It laid out a simple, straightforward plan for getting people on a reasonably strong financial path, and it’s wonderfully constructed to give the person following the plan a lot of psychological reward for following through.

To follow up, I decided to go back and read the latest version of Dave’s earlier book, Financial Peace Revisited, to see if it is as good as The Total Money Makeover. Financial Peace Revisited, along with the radio show, really put Dave on the map as a personal finance guru. Let’s walk through the book and see what we can find.

37 Footsteps (Dave Calls Them “Peace Puppies”)

Most of the book revolves around a list of thirty seven basic principles that Dave refers to as “peace puppies.” What follows is a list of these principles, coupled with my thoughts on it codified into one sentence.

1. Avoid “stuffitis” – the worship of “stuff” In other words, don’t buy stuff you don’t need and soon you’ll find yourself breaking free of the desire to buy lots of unnecessary stuff.

2. Plant seeds – give money away to worthy causes Dave is very much into charity and it comes through strongly here; I find that I agree with his viewpoint on charitable giving, though.

3. Develop your own “power over purchase” Develop some willpower when you go shopping and simply don’t buy stuff that you don’t need or that you didn’t intend to buy when you went into the store.

4. Find where you are naturally gifted – enjoy your work and work hard I agree with this; even if your main job is not suited to your natural talents, find time to follow them and build them up into something you can enjoy while working hard at it – success always follows this.

5. Live substantially below your income This is the key to financial success summed up in five words.

6. Sacrifice now so you can have peace later The same sentiment is worded better by Dave when he says, “Live like no one else so you can live like no one else,” which basically means spend some time living as cheaply as possible so you can build a truly strong financial base.

7. You can always spend more than you make Spending on credit is extremely dangerous over the long haul.

8. The borrower is the servant to the lender, so beware! Debt is also extremely dangerous.

9. Check your credit report at least once every two years Doing this ensures that there aren’t any nasty surprises if you ever need to use your credit report to secure a loan, or even something as mundane as securing lower insurance rates.

10. Handle credit report corrections yourself If you find a mistake, call up the credit reporting bureau yourself and find out what you need to do to get it fixed; you’re the one with the interest in getting it right here, not anyone else.

11. Realized that the best way for delinquent debt to be paid is for you, not collectors, to control your financial destiny This means that if collectors are calling you, it’s time to get a backbone and get some debt paid, even if it means selling off a lot of your stuff and trimming things down to the bare minimum.

12. You must save money (the power of compound interest) Compound interest is an incredibly powerful thing, and you can easily harness that power by investing and saving money now rather than later.

13. Use the “keep it simple, stupid” rule of investing Don’t invest in anything complicated unless you have a serious amount of time to learn about it and maintain that investment.

14. Only people who like dog food don’t save for retirement Start saving for retirement as early as possible, because this lets the power of compound interest do most of the work.

15. Always save with pretax dollars – it is the best deal the government gives you For most people, this statement is the gospel truth – it reduces your tax bill now and gives you a steady income later.

16. Learn basic negotiating skills for great buys Don’t hesitate to make low offers, ask for add-ons, and so forth when buying anything of significant value.

17. Learn where to find great buys (the treasure hunt) Dave doesn’t directly list places; instead, he encourages comparison shopping and asking around for places to find good buys on specific items.

18. You must have patience to get great buys Comparison shopping takes time, but over the long run it can save you substantial money.

19. Singles get self-accountability from the written plan If you’re single, you likely don’t have anyone that you’re accountable to for your own money, so create a written plan and make yourself accountable to it.

20. Singles should look for a money mentor for advice and accountability This is often difficult for single people to do – in a way, this is why I started this site – but if you have someone that you can ask financial questions, don’t be afraid to tap that resource.

21. Singles beware of the impulse monster; he will eat you alive Impulse buying can quickly undo even the best-laid financial plans; instead, make shopping lists and stick to them, and don’t let yourself get caught up in a momentary desire.

22. Men and women view money differently, so be sensitive to differences When you’re in a couple, be aware that the other person likely has very different perspectives on finances.

23. Opposites attract in marriage, so work together for maximum wisdom When you have different money perspectives, use them in concert to maximize your gains – spend the time and talk about money and plan your finances together.

24. When you agree on spending, you will experience fabulous unity in your marriage Again, work together to determine your spending and saving goals.

25. Teach children to work, spend wisely, save, and give Dave seems to think an allowance directly tied to work tasks is a good idea.

26. The most powerful legacy you can leave is wise, competent children Spend time with your children – guide them and teach them all that you know.

27. Giving loved ones all the money they request may not be best for them Don’t mix adult relationships and money outside of marriage – all money does is damage relationships.

28. Making decisions based on fear of reprisal can be a sign of codependence Codependence is a very bad thing – if you feel that you can’t make a decision based on your worry of how someone else will act, there’s a fundamental relationship problem at work.

29. Be strong enough to help others and strong enough not to Help others by giving them advice and support – don’t help them by giving them money.

30. Listen to your spouse’s counsel (women’s intuition) When you don’t know what to do, talk to your spouse about it in detail – he/she will often have a perspective that never occurred to you.

31. There are few “old” fools – seek experienced counsel I agree with this very strongly; I often use parents and grandparents for advice on what to do.

32. You must keep your checkbook on a timely basis This shows the age of the book a bit, as many people do many financial transactions without a checkbook; however, the principle still stands – keep track of every red cent that comes in and goes out, no matter your system.

33. Lay out the written details of a cash management plan This means make a budget, in not so many words – it doesn’t have to dominate your life, but it needs to be done so you can see where you’re at and where you need to improve.

34. Commit to your plan for ninety days After ninety days, it will be clear which parts work and which ones don’t, so you can use your experience to rework the plan a bit and find that sweet spot in your life.

35. Take time to prioritize your life daily Every day, take a moment or two to figure out what you really need to do and what’s really important.

36. Keep your spiritual life healthy Dave is a devout Christian, but you don’t have to be – just spend some time regularly making sure that your life is in tune.

37. Take baby steps – prioritize your plan and move slowly At the very end of the book, he gives a rough outline of the plan described in The Total Money Makeover, a plan that most of these tips fall right into.

Buy Or Don’t Buy?

As I read Financial Peace Revisited, I couldn’t help but compare it to Dave’s later book, The Total Money Makeover. I kept realizing that specific points in Financial Peace Revisited were exactly the same as points in The Total Money Makeover, and I felt that the later book was more concise and plan-oriented than the earlier book.

By the end, I was able to put in a nutshell my feelings on this book: Financial Peace Revisited is basically a first draft of The Total Money Makeover. The books are very similar, but the thought process in this book is rougher and less cohesive than in the later book.

That’s not to say that Financial Peace Revisited isn’t worth reading; it is a pretty good book, especially for someone who is in dire financial straits and needs a plan to help them start to get their finances in shape. However, The Total Money Makeover is basically the same book, except written much better.

In a nutshell, don’t buy this book unless you’ve already read The Total Money Makeover and you want much of the same material told in a somewhat different fashion. The two books don’t completely overlap, but the meat of both is identical, and The Total Money Makeover is simply a better read with a more complete and concrete plan.

Financial Peace Revisited is the twenty-fifth of fifty-two books in The Simple Dollar’s series 52 Personal Finance Books in 52 Weeks.

The Simple Dollar Morning Roundup: Hooked on a Feeling (and a Small Announcement) Edition 4comments

Maybe my sense of humor is out of whack, but this (@ youtube) brightens my mood substantially every time I watch and listen to it. It’s up to you to determine exactly why that is…

Also, this weekend I’m initiating a weekly series of reviews of personal productivity / personal development books, mostly because they’ve been avidly requested by readers and both topics relate to personal finance in that they increase your earning potential and also the amount of time you have to do other things. For those of you who weren’t big fans of this, don’t worry: these reviews will only be once a week. The first one is a current top bestseller, one that many of you have directly requested that I review in the last few days. What is it? Tune in on Sunday to find out!

Anyway, on to some personal finance posts.

Charles Schwab’s New 4.25% Free Checking Account I usually don’t post about the latest greatest banking deal, but this one is pretty strong. The only disadvantage is that there are no brick-and-mortar branches – it pretty much does everything else you could want, and earns 4.25% APY. (@ bank deals)

Another Sign That You Could Be In Financial Trouble: A Lack of Well-Defined Goals and a Plan to Reach Them Yet another in the strong 24 Signs series, this one hits the truth of the matter right on the head: if you don’t have a goal to reach, how can you possibly be traveling in a certain direction? (@ gen x finance)

Vanguard Changing Its Fees For The Better And suddenly my Vanguard fees went from $10 a quarter to nothing at all. The best news I got all day. (@ the finance journey)

The Simple Dollar Retro: Five Questions To Ask Yourself Before Buying A Car (And One After Buying) Some strong advice if a car purchase is in your future.